Solanum dolichocremastrum

Citation author:

Bitter

Citation:

Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 3. 1913.

Type:

Peru. Dombey s.n. (holotype, P00325917 [Correll neg. 48, BM000882119, F-1604845, LL, NY; Morton neg. 3695, BM000882118, MO-5594696, NY]).

Habit:

Herbs 0.3-1 m tall, erect to slightly decumbent. Stems 0.1-0.9 mm in diameter at base of plant, green or green mottled with purple or entirely purple, usually unwinged, densely pubescent with short white hairs; tubers typically moniliform (multiple tubers arranged along the stolon like beads on a necklace).

Sympodial structure:

Sympodial units tri- to plurifoliate, not geminate.

Leaves:

Leaves odd-pinnate, the blades 6-18.5 x 3-11 cm, deep green adaxially, light green to sometimes purple abaxially, densely pubescent abaxially and adaxially with short white hairs; lateral leaflet pairs 1-5, decreasing in size toward the leaf base, with the terminal leaflet considerably larger than the laterals; most distal lateral leaflets 0.8-5.6 x 0.4-3 cm, elliptic to lanceolate, the apex acute, the base widely decurrent onto the rachis; terminal leaflet 2.9-12 x 1.5-6.6 cm, ovate to elliptic, the apex acute to acuminate, the base cuneate; interjected leaflets 0-7, sessile, ovate to orbicular; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm, densely pubescent with short white hairs. Pseudostipules when present 5-9 mm long, densely pubescent like the leaves.

Inflorescences:

Inflorescences 4-15.2 cm, terminal with a subtending axillary bud, in distal half of the plant, forked, with 2-20 flowers, with all flowers apparently perfect, the axes pubescent with short white hairs; peduncle 1.1-8.4 cm long; pedicels 9-41 mm long in flower and fruit, spaced 3-5 mm apart, articulated at the middle.

Flowers:

Flowers homostylous, 5-merous. Calyx 4-7 mm long, the tube 1-3 mm, the lobes 3-4 mm, ovate to lanceolate, with acumens 0-3 mm long, densely pubescent with white short hairs. Corolla 2.4-4.8 cm in diameter, pentagonal to rotate, usually deep purple, the tube 1-2 mm long, the acumens 2-5 mm long, the corolla edges flat, not folded dorsally, with white short hairs on the acumens. Stamens with the filaments 1-2 mm long; anthers 4-8 mm long, lanceolate, connivent, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 3-10 mm x ca. 1 mm, exceeding stamens by 2-7 mm, straight, glabrous; stigma clavate to capitate.

Fruits:

Fruit an ovoid to globose berry, 1.2-2.6 cm wide, 1.3-2.9 cm long, deep green, glabrous.

Seeds:

Seeds from living specimens ovoid and ca. 2 mm long, whitish to greenish in fresh condition and drying brownish, with a thick covering of “hair-like” lateral walls of the testal cells that make the seeds mucilaginous when wet, green-white throughout; testal cells honeycomb-shaped when lateral walls removed by enzyme digestion.

Chromosome number:

2n = 2x = 24 voucher: Ochoa 12070 (CIP) (Hijmans, et al. 2007)

Distribution:

Peru (Depts. Ancash and Huánuco), on rocky slopes and among boulders; 3400-4400 m in elevation.

Phenology:

Flowering and fruiting from February to July.

Phylogeny:

Solanum dolichocremastrum is a member of Solanum sect. Petota Dumort., the tuber-bearing cultivated and wild potatoes. Within sect. Petota, Solanum simplicissimum is a member of a distinctive clade of southern Ecuadorian and Peruvian species formerly classified in series Piurana and some other series that frequently possess moniliform tubers and shiny coriaceous leaves. On a higher taxonomic level, it is a member of the informally-named Potato Clade, a group of perhaps 200-300 species that also includes the tomato and its wild relatives (Bohs, 2005).

Commentary:

Solanum dolichocremastrum is very similar to S. sogarandinum; both have similar shaped lateral leaflets widely decurrent onto the rachis and the terminal leaflet wider than the laterals. However, S. sogarandinum is a rosette plant whereas S. dolichocremastrum is an erect plant. According to molecular data, they belong to very different clades (Ames, 2008).

References:

Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequences.
Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D’Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Hijmans, R., T. Gavrilenko, S. Stephenson, J. Bamberg, A. Salas & D.M. Spooner 2007. Geographic and environmental range expansion through polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota).
Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 16: 485-495.

Ames, M. 2008. Evolutionary relationships of Solanum series Piurana and related species in Solanum section Petota (wild potatoes).
Ph.D. dissertation. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Taxonomic name:

Solanum dolichocremastrum (Solanaceae)

Solanaceae Source

A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family

Primary tabs

Search form

You are here

Solanum dolichocremastrum

Primary tabs