Solanum stuckertii [Bitter ]

Solanum stuckertii

Citation author:

Bitter

Citation:

Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 461. 1913.

Type:

Argentina. Tucumán: Burruyacú, 20 Apr 1910 (fl, fr), Stuckert 21589 (D’Arcy [1972] chose the sheet at B as lectotype; however, since that specimen is not extant, the duplicate at G was designated by Bohs, 2001 as the lectotype; isolectotypes, CORD, GOET [fragment]; photo of lectotype, F [neg. # 23159]).

Last edited by:

Bohs, L.

Written by:

Lynn Bohs

Habit:

Shrubs 0.3-3 (-7 fide Venturi 5613) m tall. Stems moderately to densely pubescent with unbranched eglandular hairs.

Sympodial structure:

Sympodial units 6-many-foliate.

Leaves:

Leaves simple, the blades 3-15 (-25) x (1-) 1.5-7 (-10) cm, 1.7-3.5 (-6) times as long as wide, ovate to elliptic, chartaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent adaxially with curled unbranched uniseriate hairs, more densely so on veins, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially; base truncate, cuneate, or rounded to slightly decurrent; margin entire; apex acute to acuminate; petioles 0.5-4 cm, densely pubescent with unbranched hairs.

Inflorescences:

Inflorescences 2.5-10 cm, unbranched or forked (rarely further branched), with ca. 5-30 flowers, all flowers perfect, the axes sparsely to densely pubescent with eglandular unbranched hairs and occasionally with a few stalked glands; peduncle 1-5 cm; rachis 1.5-8 cm; pedicels ca. 6-15 mm, spaced 1-7 mm apart, articulated at the base.

Flowers:

Flowers with the calyx radius 3-6 mm, the lobes 1.5-3 x 1.5-2 mm, deltate, often unequal, abruptly narrowed distally into acute or acuminate tips, moderately to densely pubescent with eglandular hairs. Corollas 2-3 cm in diameter, the radius 10-19 mm, stellate, chartaceous, white, the tube 3-6 mm, the lobes 7-15 x 3-4 mm at base, narrowly triangular, acute at apices, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially with mostly unbranched hairs, glabrous adaxially except for a few hairs toward tips. Anthers 6-7 (-10) x 1-2.5 mm, lanceolate, usually connivent, yellow, the pores directed distally. Ovary glabrous or sparsely puberulent at apex; style 7-10 x 0.5-1 mm, cylindrical to subclavate, glabrous or sparsely to moderately pubescent; stigma truncate to subcapitate.

Fruits:

Fruits 1-3 cm in diameter, globose, obtuse at apex, orange to reddish when ripe, glabrous; stone cell aggregates present or absent.

Seeds:

Seeds 3-5 x 3-4 mm, angled, rugose-pubescent.

Distribution:

Southern Andes of Argentina in the Provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán; clearings, thickets, and open woodland, often at the borders of streams, in relatively dry areas; 250-2000 m. Several specimens have also collected in Bolivia in low-lying areas east of the Andean slopes in chaco forest, and populations of S. stuckertii are to be expected from suitable habitats in intervening areas of southern and perhaps southeastern Bolivia. According to Cabrera (1983), this species is found in the phytogeographic provinces of Chaco forests and in the transition zone between the Chaco and Yungas provinces.

Phenology:

Flowering in October through May. Fruiting in October through August.

Phylogeny:

Solanum stuckertii belongs to the Cyphomandra clade of Solanum along with other species traditionally recognized in sections Pachyphylla and Cyphomandropsis (Bohs, in press a). Within the Cyphomandra clade, S. stuckertii belongs to a well-supported clade that also includes S. confusum, S. hibernum, and S. luteoalbum (Bohs, in press b).

Commentary:

Solanum stuckertii is most similar to S. luteoalbum and S. hibernum. All three species have stellate corollas and persistent showy orangish fruits with large angled seeds. Solanum stuckertii can be distinguished from S. luteoalbum by its indumentum of exclusively unbranched hairs and its white corollas. Solanum stuckertii is found in southern Bolivia to central Argentina, whereas S. luteoalbum occurs in Ecuador and Peru. Solanum hibernum differs in having purple corollas and a dense covering of dendritically branched hairs on the abaxial leaf surfaces. In Bolivia, S. hibernum is generally found in the arid vegetation of interandean valleys, whereas S. stuckertii occurs in lowland Chaco vegetation, and thus the two species may be separated by ecogeographic differences.

Bitter (1913) and Morton (1976) divided S. stuckertii into several varieties based mainly on leaf and flower size, stylar pubescence, and number of flowers per inflorescence. All of these characters vary within the species, so there is no justification for recognizing infraspecific taxa.

D’Arcy (1972) designated Stuckert 21589 as the lectotype of S. stuckertii from among the many syntypes cited by Bitter (1913) in the protologue. He gives the location of this collection as “B?, not seen; photo NY.” No specimen currently exists at B. I have seen duplicates of this collection at CORD, G, and GOET (a fragment) and a photo of the G specimen at F (neg. # 23159), but none at NY. Therefore, I amend D’Arcy’s choice slightly by designating the G specimen as the lectotype. Morton (1976) designated another of Bitter’s syntypes, Stuckert 5641 (G), as the lectotype of S. stuckertii, but D’Arcy’s earlier choice must be followed under Art. 9.13 of the ICBN (Greuter et al., 1994). Bitter did not specify the herbarium location of the specimens he examined for his description of S. stuckertii and its varieties. Many of these sheets were likely at B and have been destroyed. Duplicates of some of these collections exist in other herbaria such as GOET and CORD and have been designated as lectotypes where appropriate.

Plants of S. stuckertii have sometimes been misidentified as S. sordidum Sendtn. The latter species belongs to Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, and has the characteristic stellate hairs that usually occur in members of the subgenus.

References:

Bitter, G. 1913. Solana nova vel minus cognita XII. XXXVII. Sectio Cyphomandropsis Bitter, nov. sect.
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 461-467.

Ratera, E.L. 1954. Número de cromosomas de Solanum stuckertii Bitter.
Bol. Soc. Arg. Bot. 5: 153-154.

D’Arcy, W.G. 1972. Solanaceae studies II: typification of subdivisions of Solanum.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 59: 262-278.

Morton, C.V. 1976. A revision of the Argentine species of Solanum.
Pp. 1-260. Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba, Argentina.

Cabrera, A. 1983. Solanaceae.
In Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, ed. A. Cabrera, 292-493. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria.

Moscone, E.A. 1992. Estudios de cromosomas meióticos en Solanaceae de Argentina.
Darwiniana 31: 261-297.

Greuter, W., F.R. Barrie, H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, D.L. Hawksworth, P.M. Jorgensen, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, P. Trehane, & J. McNeill 1994. International code of botanical nomenclature (Tokyo Code).
Königstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.

Bohs, L. 2001. Revision of Solanum section Cyphomandropsis (Solanaceae).
Syst. Bot. Monog. 61: 1-85.

Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequences.
Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D’Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Bohs, L. 2007. Phylogeny of the Cyphomandra clade of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) based on ITS sequence data.
Taxon 56: 1012-1026.

Genetics:

nuclear ITS sequence: GenBank AY523927 (voucher: Bohs 2522, UT). Sequence not yet released (7/04). nuclear ITS sequence: GenBank AY523919 (voucher: Bohs 2523, UT). Sequence not yet released (7/04).

Solanaceae Source

A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family

Solanum stuckertii Bitter

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